THE RELATION BETWEEN LANGUANGE AND CULTURE

A.   Background Of Lingustics Relativity Hypothesis

Linguistics Relativity Hypothesis is a hypothesis that talks about the mind, language and culture. This hypothesis also commonly referred to as the Sapir Whorf Hypothesis. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that the world as we know it is largely determined by the language in our culture. Speaking people in different ways because they think in a different way, because of the language led to their way to express meaning of something that is around them in different ways.

According to Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf, language is not only acts as a mechanism in the course of communication, but also as a guide towards social reality. In other words, the language does not only reflect the perceptions, mind, and experience, but also be able to determine and establish three things. Language assumes that the characteristics of the language and culture influence each other. With another sense, culture is controlled and while controlling the language. People of different languages such as: Indonesia, England, Japan, China, Korea, and others are likely to see the same reality in a different way.

Each language has a feature that is the symbol of the nation's soul and nature. As a result, the diversity of languages and the differences arise. Furthermore, the basic principle state that the language belongs to a nation determines its view of the world and the surrounding environment through grammatical categories and semantic classification possible in the language of shared cultural inheritance.

The study of cultural relativity is what gives a great influence on the development of comparative analysis of language. Comparative analysis of the language of one another has proven that language with one another have different concepts and systems.

B.   Research Problem

Based on the background above, the following sentences below is the research of problems is :

1.      How vocabularies comparisons in Indonesian and English?

 DISCUSSION

Language using every people around the world have different ways of explaining things. When communicating with others, humans use language that is likely to be different, both in pronunciation and structure. It depends on the their culture of the environment inhabit.

The languages in the world also has a different way in describing space and time.

Example: English to distinguish the meaning of words in (putting something into) and on (laid on the surface). Whereas in the Indonesian language does not distinguish both of the things.

Moreover, the language of a society was very influenced by the culture of the community itself. Language is unique and has a very close relationship with the culture of the wearer.

INDO	ENGLISH
Nasi Beras Gandum Padi	Rice

Based on examples above, we can see how comparison in using vocabularies between Indonesian and English Language. As in the English language is not familiar with rice as a staple food, just no words to express beras, nasi , gandum, and padi. Rice words in the English language refers to the nasi is the staple food, gandum is the snack , padi which is still there in the fields and uncultivated, and beras which is padi has been processed in Indonesian. The variations in Indonesian was due to the proximity of the Indonesian people. It shows that the Indonesian people appreciate more the object than the British people. This may reflect the importance of rice in Indonesian society. English people when it is eating the bread, it is enough, while the Indonesian people, eating bread alone is not enough and does not satisfy.

INDO	ENGLISH
Meninggal dunia Gugur Wafat Tewas Mati	Die Pass away

Another example of the vocabulary that exist in Indonesian with English which have differences, such as the word die. Indonesian has some words that have the same meaning for the purpose of the word "die" e.g. meninggal dunia used for human, punah used for animals, gugur used for the heroes, wafat used for heroes, tewas used for humans, mati used for animals while in the English language there are only two words, those words are to die and pass away. It is because Indonesia and English has different culture.

INDO (age)	ENGLISH (gender )
Adik Kakak	Brother Sister

Another example, in the words of British cultural distinction relatives or people who were born from the same womb by sex there are two, they are brothers and sisters. Indonesian culture distinguishes it is based on age that older people called a kakak and a younger called adik. British culture is not looking at you based on age, but based on gender. Contrary to Indonesian culture is more concerned in terms of age. This is because of cultural manners of Indonesian society is more viscous than English society in general.

INDO	ENGLISH
01.00 (selamat malam)	01.00 (good morning)

Other phenomena, such as the English culture and the culture of Indonesia saw a 24-hour day and a night that was. At one night the English culture say Good morning ; whereas the culture of Indonesia say goodnight because it is still night, the sun had not yet risen. Instead eleven, west culture still also say good morning; whereas during the culture of Indonesia congratulated because it was already noon, the sun is high.

For example: in English to say 'elephant eating peanuts' necessary information regarding the timing of the incident. And in Indonesian the information is not required. This suggests that speakers of different languages produce very different aspect in the world to use their language correctly.

In social interaction, we often find that what we say or we convey to the other person could not understood well. Failure to understand this message due to several factors, they are: different ages, different education, different knowledge, and others. So the way people think is different, depending on how they capture the information submitted. In addition, cultural factors are also associated with the language. The way they speak depending on how the social environment they inhabit.

Language not effect or form the mind, social trust, or even one culture. On the contrary evidence on everyday life shows the influence of culture, thought, affects language indirectly.

Based on examples above, it can be said that the language and culture are intertwined with each other and cannot be separated from each other. the relationship between language and culture is a reflection of human life as well as individual beings are social beings relate to other living beings who can think and reflection or respond to things around them by reveal the results of their thinking through language and the results of it presents thinking reflects the culture. The language of a society turned out to be highly influenced by the culture of the community itself.